quantum computing | KitGuru https://www.kitguru.net KitGuru.net - Tech News | Hardware News | Hardware Reviews | IOS | Mobile | Gaming | Graphics Cards Tue, 06 Apr 2021 07:37:58 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.3 https://www.kitguru.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-KITGURU-Light-Background-SQUARE2-32x32.png quantum computing | KitGuru https://www.kitguru.net 32 32 Quantum computing breakthrough could greatly accelerate production and research https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/matthew-wilson/quantum-computing-breakthrough-could-greatly-accelerate-production-and-research/ https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/matthew-wilson/quantum-computing-breakthrough-could-greatly-accelerate-production-and-research/#respond Fri, 02 Apr 2021 14:51:01 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=510456 It looks like Quantum Computing could arrive sooner than expected, as a UK-based company has discovered a method for manufacturing quantum chips at scale using existing processes – something that could greatly accelerate research.  Quantum Motion, a startup founded by UCL and Oxford University students, have been able to create a stable qubit on a …

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It looks like Quantum Computing could arrive sooner than expected, as a UK-based company has discovered a method for manufacturing quantum chips at scale using existing processes – something that could greatly accelerate research. 

Quantum Motion, a startup founded by UCL and Oxford University students, have been able to create a stable qubit on a standard silicon chip. Part of the process includes cooling the chip down to a temperature just above absolute zero, from there, the Quantum Motion team were able to isolate a single electron and measure its quantum state.

Image: Intel Qubit Processor (used for illustrative purposes only) Image credit: Intel Corp.

As reported by Sifted, the discovery was also peer-reviewed by scientific journal PRX Quantum. The quantum state could only be measured for nine seconds, which doesn’t sound like a lot of time, but up to now, researchers have been measuring Quantum chips in nanoseconds, so this is a pretty major leap.

Speaking about the breakthrough with Sifted, Quantum Motion cofounder and professor of Nano electronics, John Morton, explained that this could be “a blueprint to shortcut our way to industrial-scale quantum chip production”, removing the need for rare materials by adapting to the way chips are already produced today.

In theory, a million of Quantum Motion’s electron-spin qubits could be packed onto a 1cm square chip, but then the issue becomes cooling, as the chip needs to kept at just above absolute zero temperatures. One solution to this could be a server-rack sized powerful refrigerator capable of holding many chips.

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KitGuru Says: This is an interesting development for Quantum Computing and could help the likes of Google, IBM, Intel and other smaller researchers moving forward. Hopefully we’ll see more big breakthroughs in the years to come.

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Intel introduces Horse Ridge cryogenic control chip for quantum computers https://www.kitguru.net/tech-news/featured-tech-news/joao-silva/intel-horse-ridge-cryogenic-control-chip-for-quantum-computers/ https://www.kitguru.net/tech-news/featured-tech-news/joao-silva/intel-horse-ridge-cryogenic-control-chip-for-quantum-computers/#respond Tue, 10 Dec 2019 09:08:13 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=440752 The engineers at Intel Labs have created a cryogenic control chip, code-named Horse Ridge. This chip is a step in the right direction for the creation of the first commercially viable quantum computers. Horse Ridge will be able to manage multiple qubits (quantum bits) and define the next steps for scaling larger systems. In collaboration …

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The engineers at Intel Labs have created a cryogenic control chip, code-named Horse Ridge. This chip is a step in the right direction for the creation of the first commercially viable quantum computers. Horse Ridge will be able to manage multiple qubits (quantum bits) and define the next steps for scaling larger systems.

In collaboration with QuTech, the research centre for Quantum Computing and Quantum Internet made from a partnership between TU Delft and TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Intel developed Horse Ridge using its 22nm FinFET technology.

While trying to understand the potential of quantum computing, engineers and researchers have been working extensively in qubit fabrication, creating chips to show how much a few qubits operating in superposition can do. In the early stages of quantum computing development, Intel had pinpointed a bottleneck for the “commercial-scale quantum computing: interconnects and control electronics.”

This bottleneck is now about to be solved with Horse Ridge, setting a significant breakthrough on the path for quantum practicality. Quantum practicality is a “benchmark against which the quantum research community can determine whether a quantum system can deliver game-changing performance to solve real-world problems”. To achieve quantum practicality, Intel is investing in the hardware and software needed, so it can create a commercially viable quantum computer.

Until now, to create quantum systems, researchers have been using existing technology and tools to connect it in a cryogenic refrigerator. This cryogenic refrigerator is then connected to standard computing devices that can regulate the qubits' performance and program the quantum systems. These systems are usually custom-made and require extensive wiring inside and outside the refrigerator.

Horse Ridge “simplifies the control electronics required to operate a quantum system”, by taking away all of the cabling, and wiring and replace them with a more commonly used SoC (system-on-chip). This solution increases the qubits' performance and enables the creation of quantum systems with a bigger qubit count. The SoC also makes the qubits stand closer to each other, reducing the complexity of quantum control, from a lot of hanging cables to a single package.

The SoC is “designed to act as a radio frequency (RF) processor to control the qubits”, which is programmed with instructions that are transformed into electromagnetic microwave pulses that change the state of a qubit. All of these operations are made at 4 Kelvin (-269 ºC), but Intel is researching in to create “silicon spin qubits”, enabling these same operations at slightly higher temperatures. Intel is also studying a solution so that these silicon spin qubits and the cryogenic controls operate at the same temperature, all in one unified package.

To learn more about the Horse Ridge, click HERE.

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KitGuru says: How significant could this be for Intel and quantum computing?

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D-Wave announces sale of first 5000-qubit quantum annealing system https://www.kitguru.net/channel/science/james-dawson/d-wave-announces-sale-of-first-5000-qubit-quantum-annealing-system/ https://www.kitguru.net/channel/science/james-dawson/d-wave-announces-sale-of-first-5000-qubit-quantum-annealing-system/#respond Thu, 26 Sep 2019 11:46:07 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=427401 D-Wave, a name that will be unfamiliar to some, has announced the first sale of their next-generation 5000-qubit quantum annealing computer to the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The quantum computer has also been given an official market name “Advantage”. Last week we reported on the news that IBM was launching its first 53-qubit quantum …

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D-Wave, a name that will be unfamiliar to some, has announced the first sale of their next-generation 5000-qubit quantum annealing computer to the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The quantum computer has also been given an official market name “Advantage”.

Last week we reported on the news that IBM was launching its first 53-qubit quantum computer, Google later claimed in a publication that it had achieved quantum supremacy. Its own 53-qubit system completed a calculation which is thought to be impossible by any traditional transistor-based system, which is an important milestone in quantum computing development.

While the two technologies share the quantum computing name, the D-Wave systems use a process called quantum annealing which differs from IBM and Google’s quantum system which use quantum-mechanical phenomena to shape information.

How D-Wave describes quantum annealing is by comparing it to how nature's physical systems tend to evolve towards their lowest energy state, such as objects sliding down hills, hot things cool over time and so on. This behaviour is also true in quantum physics, quantum annealing uses quantum physics to find low energy states of a problem and implements this in its systems to solve calculations.


Image source: D-Wave Systems

Unlike IBM and Google's quantum computers, which are designed to tackle any kind of problem, D-Wave systems are designed to solve optimisation problems such as logistics, where many potential solutions exist, however it is also thought the D-Wave quantum annealing system could be used to crack many forms of encryption, among other things.

The first customer of the D-Wave system, the Los Alamos National Laboratory, thinks the system can work for its own specific needs. The Laboratory is said to have developed over 60 applications for D-Waves previous 2000-qubit quantum annealing system and the new more powerful “Advantage” system will help them progress even more.

The new fifth-generation 5000-qubit system from D-Wave offers more performance over previous generations with 5000-qubits power at its disposal, which is also said to operate quieter. The qubits themselves have been interconnected in a smarter way in this system, resulting in higher performance.

KitGuru says: Quantum computing can sound truly mind-blowing to most people, myself included. However, it could be an invention which shapes our future in many ways.

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Google claims quantum supremacy after successful experiment on 53-qubit machine https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/james-dawson/google-claims-quantum-supremacy-after-successful-experiment-on-53-qubit-machine/ https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/james-dawson/google-claims-quantum-supremacy-after-successful-experiment-on-53-qubit-machine/#respond Mon, 23 Sep 2019 12:37:51 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=426905 Closely following on from IBM's most recent quantum computing developments, Google has stepped in to the conversation. Through a now deleted scientific research publication, Google said it was the first company to achieve ‘quantum supremacy' by building a quantum computer that can perform a calculation beyond the ability of any modern transistor-based computer. Google's claims …

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Closely following on from IBM's most recent quantum computing developments, Google has stepped in to the conversation. Through a now deleted scientific research publication, Google said it was the first company to achieve ‘quantum supremacy' by building a quantum computer that can perform a calculation beyond the ability of any modern transistor-based computer.

Google's claims were published in a scientific paper on a NASA website, which has since been removed. The claim from Google means that quantum computers have reached a point where they can solve problems that even the fastest modern supercomputers could not. The Google researchers wrote, “To our knowledge, this experiment marks the first computation that can only be performed on a quantum processor”.

According to the researchers, the system can only perform a single, highly technical calculation, but this is still viewed as “a milestone towards full-scale quantum computing”. The calculation was achieved on Google's 53-qubit Sycamore system, rather than the 72-qubit Bristlecone machine.


Image Credit: Google/Erik Lucero

The experiment described in the publication sampled randomly generated numbers through a scenario involving quantum phenomena. according to the paper, the quantum computer took “about 200 seconds to sample one instance of the quantum circuit 1 million times”. In comparison, the researchers say that a transistor-based supercomputer would “require approximately 10,000 years to perform the equivalent task”.

The researchers also predict that the power of quantum computers would expand at “double exponential rate” compared to the exponential rate of Moore’s Law, which is responsible for driving advances in silicon-based chips in the current era of computing.

It wasn’t too long ago that quantum computers were something which belonged to science fiction. However, in recent years we have seen big tech companies including IBM, Microsoft, Intel and Google making vast progress and scaling up the number of qubits. Last year, IBM proved quantum computing would be far superior to traditional transistor base systems at calculating certain problems.  At CES 2018, Intel unveiled its 49-qubit Tangle Lake quantum machine, while last week IBM announced a new 53-qubit capable quantum computer, which will be available to IBM Q Network clients this year.

kitGuru says: Have you been following the progress of quantum computing? What are your thoughts on this news that Google has achieved quantum supremacy and what does this mean for the future of computing as a whole?

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IBM expands its quantum computing arsenal with new 53-qubit monster https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/james-dawson/ibm-expands-its-quantum-computing-arsenal-with-new-53-qubit-monster/ https://www.kitguru.net/channel/generaltech/james-dawson/ibm-expands-its-quantum-computing-arsenal-with-new-53-qubit-monster/#respond Sat, 21 Sep 2019 13:34:38 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=426626 This week, we saw IBM continue to push its quantum computing efforts by announcing  a 53 quantum bit/qubit capable quantum computer. That’s a big increase on IBM’s Q System One, which debuted this January boasting 20-qubits of processing power. For anyone who doesn’t know, a qubit is a quantum bit – the equivalent in quantum …

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This week, we saw IBM continue to push its quantum computing efforts by announcing  a 53 quantum bit/qubit capable quantum computer. That’s a big increase on IBM’s Q System One, which debuted this January boasting 20-qubits of processing power.

For anyone who doesn’t know, a qubit is a quantum bit – the equivalent in quantum computing to the binary digit or bit of traditional computing. Just as a ‘bit' is the basic unit of information in a traditional computer, a qubit is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer.

Unlike classic computing that uses bits (pieces of data) stored as zeros and ones, quantum computers leverage quantum mechanical phenomena to shape information. To do this, they rely on quantum bits or qubits. “The new quantum system is important because it offers a larger lattice and gives users the ability to run even more complex entanglement and connectivity experiments,” says Dario Gil, director of IBM Research, in a press statement.

Quantum computing is capable of processing data much faster than traditional computers, therefore it means large amounts of data can be handled to solve big problems. Keeping qubits stable is not an easy feat – the hardware does this by operating at super-cooled temperatures of 10 millikelvin (-273.14˚C).

IBM isn’t the only company investing in quantum computing – Volkswagen, a German car manufacturer, hopes it will help them predict common future traffic volumes and demands for transport. Other competitors like Google and Microsoft are also researching quantum computing. A Google researcher’s paper claimed to have conquered a major milestone by achieving quantum supremacy, as reported by the financial Times.

IBM has been promoting quantum computing via the cloud since 2016 and have opened a new quantum computing centre in New York to add 10 quantum computing machines. IBM’s new 53-qubit monster will be available to its IBM Q Network clients starting in October.

KitGuru says: Quantum computing is still a relatively new technology and may never feature in home systems due to its size and noise output. However, the technology used could change the way computers work forever once perfected.

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Google claims its Bristlecone quantum chipset can outdo normal CPUs https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/damien-cox/google-claims-its-bristlecone-quantum-chipset-can-outdo-normal-cpus/ https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/damien-cox/google-claims-its-bristlecone-quantum-chipset-can-outdo-normal-cpus/#respond Fri, 09 Mar 2018 15:33:08 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=366418 Google is doubling down on emerging technology, debuting its new quantum computing chip that could potentially lead to a major breakthrough. While still in the theoretical stages, the company has stated that its Bristlecone design can outdo today’s CPU technology still using silicon. “We are cautiously optimistic that quantum supremacy can be achieved with Bristlecone,” …

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Google is doubling down on emerging technology, debuting its new quantum computing chip that could potentially lead to a major breakthrough. While still in the theoretical stages, the company has stated that its Bristlecone design can outdo today’s CPU technology still using silicon.

“We are cautiously optimistic that quantum supremacy can be achieved with Bristlecone,” explains Google research scientist Julian Kelly. “Quantum supremacy” is simply the term used to identify the point at which quantum computing can physically outperform a tradiational supercomputer based on silicon technology.

Google is closer than ever thanks to Bristlecone’s 72 quantum bits (qubits), the memory cells that allow quantum chips to encode data as a large combination of 1s and 0s, including superpositions of both states.

To place things in perspective, it’s a major milestone progression on Google’s last attempt featuring 9 qubits. Overall, this makes Bristlecone a much better candidate to tackle ‘error correction’, something of which has been a consistent problem in quantum computing.

Image Credit: Google/Erik Lucero

Today’s silicon-based processors use something called Boolean logic to correct errors, which is a simple two-state system. The state is either on or off, yes or no, with no possible variation. Quantum processors run into a problem with error correction because of its additional third state being a superposition of both 1s and 0s and the only way to tell which state a piece of data is if it is manually checked, which also might alter the state in itself.

Whatever the answer to this problem is, Google is confident that is has found the solution, stating that it “chose a device of this size to be able to demonstrate quantum supremacy in the future, investigate first and second order error-correction using the surface code, and to facilitate quantum algorithm development on actual hardware.”

It still might be quite a wait until we see the real world benefits of Bristlecone’s design, but Google is confident that this will help pave the way for quantum architecture to become some form of a standard in the industry.

So far, it’s unclear just how much quantum technology will offer the industry. While it gives us significant progression on mainstream chipset technology that seems to be dwindling in performance with each generation, we don’t yet know how difficult it is to engineer and program on such processors, or if the performance increases will be across the board or for specific tasks.

KitGuru Says: Nevertheless, it’s still an intriguing piece of tech that, while in its infancy, might mature into something entirely revolutionary. There is a lot of investment into quantum processors so we’re likely to see similar designs crop up in the near future.

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Intel begins developing silicon-based spin qubits for quantum computing https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/matthew-wilson/intel-begins-developing-silicon-based-spin-qubits-for-quantum-computing/ https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/matthew-wilson/intel-begins-developing-silicon-based-spin-qubits-for-quantum-computing/#respond Thu, 15 Feb 2018 13:59:37 +0000 https://www.kitguru.net/?p=364234 Chip makers and researchers have been circling around quantum computing for years now and while progress is being made, the industry is still “at mile one in a marathon” as Intel puts it. However, this week, a significant development was announced, with Intel unveiling that it has begun developing a silicon-based quantum computing processor. Up …

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Chip makers and researchers have been circling around quantum computing for years now and while progress is being made, the industry is still “at mile one in a marathon” as Intel puts it. However, this week, a significant development was announced, with Intel unveiling that it has begun developing a silicon-based quantum computing processor.

Up to this point, most quantum computing research has centered around superconducting qubits. Intel, alongside many other companies have been researching this method of making quantum computing a reality. However, this week, Intel has announced that it has also begun work on an alternative structure, which centers around bringing quantum computing to silicon transistors. This method is known as ‘spin qubits', which Intel hopes will overcome the scientific hurdles currently blocking quantum computing from becoming a reality.

Spin qubits highly resemble the semiconductor electronics and transistors as we know them on CPUs today. However, they deliver quantum power by leveraging the spin of a single electron on a silicon device and controlling the movement to create tiny microwave pulses. Electrons can spin in different directions, so when one spins down, the data signifies the binary value 0, when it spins up, it signifies the binary value 1. However, similar to how superconducting qubits operate, these electrons also have the probability of a spin that is both up and down at the same time.

The theory is that Spin qubits will have a probability of a spin that is up and down at the same time and in doing so, can process huge amounts of data in parallel, in a way that is much faster than a traditional modern computer.

To support research into Spin qubits architecture, Intel has invented a spin qubit fabrication flow on its 300mm process technology. These are fabricated in the same facility as Intel's other advanced transistor technologies. These wafers are currently being tested and within a few months time, Intel expects to be ramping up production, with many wafers coming each week containing thousands of small qubit arrays.

Intel will continue investing in both superconducting qubits and spin qubits equally. However, the chip maker has acknowledged that spin qubits have a few advantages. For starters, the spin variant is much smaller in physical size, which is an advantage as millions of qubits will be required for a commercial system. Silicon spin qubits can also operate at higher temperatures, raising the upper bounds to 1 kelvin, rather than 20 millikelvin. This will reduce the complexity of the system required to allow these chips to operate.

KitGuru Says: This is big news for the Quantum Computing front. There is still going to be a long road ahead before we see a quantum chip become commercially available, but from the sounds of it, Intel's latest developments are promising. Do you guys think quantum computing will be the future?

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Quantum networks take big step with 1.2 mile photon message https://www.kitguru.net/channel/science/jon-martindale/quantum-networks-take-big-step-with-1-2-mile-photon-message/ https://www.kitguru.net/channel/science/jon-martindale/quantum-networks-take-big-step-with-1-2-mile-photon-message/#comments Wed, 25 Nov 2015 12:00:37 +0000 http://www.kitguru.net/?p=276236 Researchers at Sanford University have taken a big step in the further development of quantum networks, utilising photons to carry a message between entangled electronics over a mile apart for the first time in history. This has the potential to allow for the secure transmission of data over vast distances, without fear of interference and …

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Researchers at Sanford University have taken a big step in the further development of quantum networks, utilising photons to carry a message between entangled electronics over a mile apart for the first time in history. This has the potential to allow for the secure transmission of data over vast distances, without fear of interference and will help pave the way for quantum computing, which could jump start an entirely new digital age.

As much as modern computers are faster than ever before, we all know that Moore's Law predicts that before long, we're going to hit a wall with how small we can make silicon based hardware. From there it's on to new materials and new standards to continue improving performance and efficiency, but a quantum computer is the holy grail. Able to handle far more than the digital on/off switches we've grown accustomed to, its power is practically limitless.

quantumentanglement

Researchers Leo Yu and Carsten Langrock during the construction of their wavelength converter. Source: L.A. Cicero/Stanford

Quantum computing would also allow for the seemingly-instantaneous transmission of information using quantum entanglement, but creating that entanglement over longer distances is difficult, as those electrons are trapped with their corresponding atoms. However, in this test Stanford researchers were able to transmit data through a fibre optic cable using photons in place of the electronics, in a process called quantum correlation.

The process was a complicated one, involving the use of a “quantum down-converter,” to make both photons from each electron meet at the same wavelength and colour, as well as at the correct orientation, but researchers did achieve the result of entangling two electrons that are separated by more than a mile of cable. That's quite an achievement.

Although there is still much research to go, this brings us one step closer to quantum networks and quantum computers, which have the potential to change the world.

Discuss on our Facebook page, HERE.

KitGuru Says: My head hurts after trying to decipher this. If you want more information and a better explanation than I could ever give, check over the linked Stanford research post, it's much more detailed. 

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Google begins to work on quantum microprocessors https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/anton-shilov/google-begins-to-work-on-quantum-microprocessors/ https://www.kitguru.net/components/cpu/anton-shilov/google-begins-to-work-on-quantum-microprocessors/#comments Wed, 03 Sep 2014 23:00:20 +0000 http://www.kitguru.net/?p=210224 Google this week announced that has teamed up with John Martinis and his team at UC Santa Barbara on development of hardware quantum information processors based on superconducting electronics. The new initiative could revolutionize the markets of microprocessors and electronics in general, but will take years to accomplish. The Quantum Artificial Intelligence team at Google …

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Google this week announced that has teamed up with John Martinis and his team at UC Santa Barbara on development of hardware quantum information processors based on superconducting electronics. The new initiative could revolutionize the markets of microprocessors and electronics in general, but will take years to accomplish.

The Quantum Artificial Intelligence team at Google has been researching quantum computing for a while now, but has not really started development of actual processors yet. John Martinis and his team have made great strides in designing superconducting quantum electronic components of very high fidelity, according to Google. Recently he was awarded the London Prize recognizing him for his pioneering advances in quantum control and quantum information processing.

intel_chip_teraflops_experimental

Quantum computers will utilize various quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. It is believed that eventually quantum computers will replace traditional computers in many areas.

The Quantum AI team with an integrated hardware group will be able to implement and test new designs for quantum optimization and inference processors based on recent theoretical discoveries as well as the learnings from the D-Wave quantum annealing architecture. Google will continue to work with D-Wave scientists and to experiment with the “Vesuvius” machine at NASA Ames which will be upgraded to a 1000 qubit “Washington” processor.

Discuss on our Facebook page, HERE.

KitGuru Says: Given the nature of quantum computing in general, Google did not reveal a lot about its hardware initiative. All we do know is that Foogle is serious about developing hardware for quantum computers, but at this point it is highly likely that even the company itself does not have a solid roadmap for such efforts.

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